Global+Issues


 * //Maria Pia Barreto

1.Obstetric Fistula//**

"Obstetric fistula was very common throughout the entire world but virtually disappeared within Europe and North America due to improvements in obstetrical care. To this day, the prevalence of obstetrical fistula is much lower in places that discourage early marriage, encourage and provide education of women and their bodies, and grant women access to family planning and skilled medical teams to assist during childbirth"(wikipedia)


 * //2.Stem Cell Research

3.FGM or Female Circumcision//**

"[|Amnesty International] estimates that over 130 million women worldwide have been affected by some form of FGM, with over 2 million procedures being performed every year. FGM is mainly practiced in African countries. It is common in a band that stretches from [|Senegal] in West Africa to [|Ethiopia] on the East coast, as well as from [|Egypt] in the north to [|Tanzania] in the south; see //Map//. It is also practiced by some groups in the Arabian peninsula. The country where FGM is most prevalent is [|Egypt], followed by [|Sudan], [|Ethiopia], and [|Mali]. Egypt recently passed a law banning FGM'-(wikipedia)

"The United States Navy and NATO have been using and testing Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFAS) to detect enemy submarines. Many dolphins and whales who use their own sonar to navigate the oceans have been severely affected. The sound is so loud that it can and kill and maim whales, dolphins and sea life. LFAS is known to be harmful to humans as well." - globalissues.org
 * //Muna Nehme//**
 * 1) depression among teenagers
 * 2) cloning
 * 3) conservation (Low frequency active sonar affect whales, dolphins and other sea life)
 * 

Sandra Lopez **

//Where we use water:// > 1. Agriculture (70% of world water use) > 2. Industry (20%) > 3. Domestic use (10%) //The planet is buckling under the stress of supplying us with water for the seemingly infinite number of ways we have found to use it. Today, almost 1.4 billion people live in river basin areas where consumption of water exceeds the region’s ability to replenish itself.// //Over-consumption leads to a variety of consequences:// [] Juan Carlos Sikaffy Banana Trade War-Bananas are globally one of the most commonly eaten fruit, not just in the tropics where they are usually grown, but in regions like North America and Europe. However, the way bananas are produced and exported gives an insight into a number of global issues.In a number of countries such as Brazil and India, large amounts of bananas are produced but consumed mostly locally. Other regions such as Central America and the Caribbean include a large number of banana exporters. Some of the nations in these regions are quite dependent on banana exports, often to their former colonial rulers.
 * **Taking away lands from ethnic groups :** this is a very old issue, going back from the times in which european people took away the land of the indigenous people. An example from today is that business people want to take away the land of the Garfiuna people in Honduras in order to make new hotels.
 * **Overconsumption of water**: //"During the 20th century, the world’s population tripled, but its consumption of water increased sevenfold.//
 * //Rivers run dry before they reach the sea //
 * //Underground tables dry up //
 * //The cost of finding water escalates" //
 * **Censorship in the media**: In many places around the world such as China or Cuba, the press is severely censored keeping the popuation uninformed. An article that talks about this is: []

Energy insecurity Recent years and months have seen increasing attention being paid to the issue of energy security. There are a number of concerns and fears such as (though not limited to): Energy insecurity combined with other global issues risks fueling conflict, repeating past mistakes in history.
 * Oil and other fossil fuel depletion (peak oil, etc)
 * Reliance on foreign sources of energy
 * Geopolitics (such as supporting dictatorships, rising terrorism, “stability” of nations that supply energy)
 * Energy needs of poorer countries, and demands from advancing developing countries such as China and India
 * Economic efficiency versus population growth debate
 * Environmental issues, in particular climate change
 * Renewables and other alternative energy sources

Women's rights Women’s rights around the world are an important indicator of understanding global well-being. Many may think that women’s rights are only an issue in countries where religion is law, such as many Muslim countries. Or even worse, some may think this is no longer an issue at all. But reading this report about the [|United Nation’s Women’s Treaty] and how an increasing number of countries are lodging reservations, will show otherwise. Energy Security []

**Obesity:** The most recent research statistics on growing obesity disclose a dangerously overweight world population. During the last 10 years, there was a dramatic increase in obesity in the world, especially in the United States, England, and Canada. Over the years, the occurrence of obesity has also steadily increased among all genders, ages, all education levels, and ethnic groups. According to the American National Center for Health statistics, between 1962 and 2000, the number of obese people in the US raised from 13% to an alarming 31%. Today, about 63% of Americans are overweight (men and women are about equally represented) with a BMI of 25 or more.
 * //Isabela Bueso//**

**Anxiety:** Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older (18.1% of U.S. population).


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">More than $22.84 billion of those costs are associated with the repeated use of health care services; people with anxiety disorders seek relief for symptoms that mimic physical illnesses.

> > **Police Corruption:** > this is currently happening all over the wold an example is WASHINGTON -- In greater numbers and in more places than ever, police are succumbing to the temptations posed by huge sums of cash from illegal drugs. Official corruption, which has raged for years in the nation's big cities, is spreading to the hinterlands. So rampant has it become that the number of federal, state and local officials in federal prisons has grown fivefold over the last four years, increasing from 107 in 1994 to 548 today, according to the federal Bureau of Prisons. > > **//Rodolfo Claros//** > **Tobacco**: > The world’s premier health organization, the World Health Organization (WHO) is quite blunt about the impacts of tobacco and smoking: > Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">People with an anxiety disorder are three to five times more likely to go to the doctor and six times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than those who do not suffer from anxiety disorders.
 * It is currently responsible for the death of 1 in 10 adults
 * It is the leading //preventable// causes of all deaths
 * It kills Tobacco up to half of its regular users.
 * In 2005, tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths (1 every 6 seconds)
 * If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 8 million deaths each year by 2030
 * Tobacco caused 100 million deaths in the 20th century.

Child pornography is a problem of international proportion. The global community has recognised that children are at risk from those who engage in the production, exhibition, distribution, and consumption of child pornography and that children can suffer serious negative effects as a result of pornographic exploitation. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ("UNCRC"), which has been ratified by an overwhelming majority of the nations of the world, identifies child pornography as a violation against children and requires that nations who are parties to the convention take measures to prevent the exploitative use of children in pornographic materials. Despite the notable efforts of many nations, child pornography remains a serious issue.
 * World Military Spending**
 * World military expenditure in 2007 is estimated to have reached $1.339 trillion in current dollars (just over $1.2 trillion in 2005 constant dollars, as per above graph);
 * This represents a 6 per cent increase in real terms since 2006 and a 45 per cent increase over the 10-year period since 1998;
 * This corresponds to 2.5 per cent of world gross domestic product (GDP), or $202 for each person in the world;
 * The USA, responsible for about 80 per cent of the increase in 2005, is the principal determinant of the current world trend, and its military expenditure now accounts for just under half of the world total, at 45% of the world total;
 * Child Pornography**

//__** Catherine Johnson **__// · **Human overpopulation**: Humans are becoming over populated in manya reas of the world. [] · **Conflicts in Africa**: Thousands of people have been slaughtered in Africa due to conflicts such as civil wars, etc. [] · **War on terror**: The fight against terrorism since the event of September 11, 2001 and the following terrorist attacks that happened after it. []
 * Racism**[|Universal Declaration of Human Rights] http://www.globalissues.org/article/165/racism
 * Third World Debt** http://www.globalissues.org/issue/28/third-world-debt-undermines-development
 * Honduras: OAS Mission Hits Dead End** http://www.globalissues.org/news/2009/08/26/2623
 * Oscar Aguilar**

-Arms Trade: is one of the reason of human rights abuses, because every nation has the right to ensure their security. -Pollution: the climate has change from burning fossil fuels, with the consequences of melting glaciers and stronger storms.
 * -** Tax Havens: by not paying taxes, big and small countries are being affected.
 * Lorette Mourra

Enrique Buck** __Women trafficking Starvation: Health care systems: Think Quest__ [] []
 * Adrian GarZa**
 * __Carolina Gutierrez__**

Global Financial Crisis: the stock market have fallen bringing financial institutions down. Lots of people are left jobless and can not afford their basic needs Racism: still very common not only skin color but gender and religion as well. AIDS: killing more people than war especially in Africa. Leaving orphans with bigger responsibilities than they can handle. [|http://www.globalissues.org/]
 * Monica Hilsaca**

Adriana Arguello:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt;">1)Poverty: **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt;">Poverty: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt;">- Poverty is a widespread problem around the globe, it affects a great quantity of the world population ,especially in thrid world countrys.Poverty lead to other problems such as deliquency,violence, poor health ect.With the growing finacial cirisi around the world <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">poverty has incremented and <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">expected to increase.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">**2)THIRD WORLD POVERTY:** hird world countries are many times faced with incresing international debts as they borrow money from larger countries and has goverments and rulers change (many goverments use the loned money to their personal intrest instead of stimulating the economy) money does not get payed and the countries recores have to be directed to paying these debt instead of for the good of the people.(unpayed money affects the larger countris tus international economy) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">http://www.globalissues.org/issue/28/third-world-debt-undermines-development

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">3)energy crisis: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">for the past years countrys have relied mosty on petroleum and other non-renuable energy sources. However if we keep using up all these non-renuable sources for energy we will of course run out of them. A search for a renuable efficent energy source has been taken up many scientist mind but an efficent enogh source to replace petrolem has yet to be found.Although sicnetist are in the right track the importance of finding and energy source allows sustainable development is crucial to the world.

**Pandemias-** Global pandemias such as AH1N1 (swine Flu), avian flu, and STDS that affect large amounts of populations.
 * Water** - people around the world do not have complete access to water which is vital for surviving. Some people are not able to attend school or work because of the lack of water.
 * Natural disasters** - Natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis or others affect the world and the people, it is hard to control or to detect these disasters and therefore affect large amounts of populations and regions of the world.
 * Jeannette Sandoval**

 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">: The nations that signed these goals are having great difficulties in achieving them by the year 2015. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Illegal Immigration <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">: Developed countries are suffering increased rates of Illegal Immigration, and are having difficulties in finding moral and effective solutions. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Spread of Communist / Socialist Ideas in Latin America

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Costantino Agnesi I. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 25px;">

 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Environmental Issues-Logging and illegal hunting is preventing wild animal life to grow and they become extinct. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">World Hunger and Poverty- Poverty leads to hunger and there are 9 million people that die worldwide each year starving to death and 5 million are children. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Arms Control-The arms trade is a major cause of human rights abuses. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Global Issues. 2006. Arms control. 26 August, 2009 http://www.globalissues.org/issue/66/arms-control <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anabella Valenzuela


 * --->World Military Spending**
 * US and Foreign Aid Assistance**
 * --->Food and Agriculture:**
 * --->LUIS VASQUEZ REYES**

__**//Alexandre Blois//**__
the people; that can later become conflicts of large scale. -__Politics:__ The concept of terrorism. "****One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." (David Brownlow) Meaning that: On one hand you have people that destroy property and harm other lives****, and on the other you have****a government who terrorizes the people by taking away liberties and judging them as guilty until proven innocent. -__Environment:__ The disposal of nuclear wastes. The most common and profitable alternative to have "clean" energy is nuclear energy. What most people disregard is the fact that when producing the energy it is clean, but what happens to all that nuclear waste? Most countries just put the nuclear waste in containers and bury them or throw them into the ocean. This could ultimately be taking one step forward and going right back. Countries producing nuclear energy have to take an action on this issue. _** **The Spread of Communist / Socialist Ideas in Latin America**
 * -__Politics:__ The spread of lies in the news through distorted and/or bias information leads to the ignorance or disinformation of
 * The United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals**
 * Illegal Immigration**
 * Costantino Agnesi I.**

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__***Food Aid As Dumping:**__ Dumping food on to poorer nations (i.e. free, subsidized, or cheap food, below market prices) undercuts local farmers, who cannot compete and are driven out of jobs and into poverty, further slanting the market share of the larger producers such as those from the US and Europe.=====

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__***International Criminal Court:**__ There has been considerable (and a mostly successful) effort to set up an International Criminal Court (ICC). The purpose is to have a body that can prosecute serious crimes against humanity no matter who committed them and to try people for gross violations of human rights, such as those committed during military conflicts.=====

__**Camilo Atala**__ [] Silvia Casco Declining # of tigers:__** __**Coral reefs are dying around the world:**__
 * __**Foreign Policy — Projecting Power:**__ Every nation has a foreign policy to ensure that its needs are represented in the global community. However, throughout history, including recently such as during and after the Cold War, power has used in the international scene to push forward national interests and agendas, sometimes without any regard to the nations and people they may directly or indirectly affect.This has sometimes resulted in a rise in resentment against some of these nations who are then seen as bullies, getting away with many acts of hypocrisy.
 * **__Global Financial Crisis:__** The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems.
 * __**Consumption and Consumerism:**__ Global inequality in consumption, while reducing, is still high. Using latest figures available, in 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest fifth just 1.5%.
 * __Miguel Orellana
 * Protect shores from the impact of waves and from storms;
 * Provide a lot of benefits to humans in the form of food and medicine;
 * Provide economic benefits to local communities from tourism."
 * __Over deforestation:__**

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__MaferBetanco__

 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **climate change and global warming intro:** *RAPID CHANGES IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURES []
 * **causes of poverty:** []
 * **Child labor:** []

__Poverty and the environment:__
Both environmental degradation and poverty alleviation are urgent global issues that have a lot in common, but are often treated separately. Consider the following:
 * Human activities are resulting in mass species extinction rates higher than ever before, currently approaching 1000 times the normal rate;
 * Human-induced climate change is threatening an even bleaker future;
 * At the same time, the inequality of human societies is extreme:
 * The United Nations 1998 Human Development Report reveals that, “Globally, the 20% of the world’s people in the highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditures—the poorest 20% a minuscule 1.3%”
 * To highlight this inequality further, consider that approximately 1 billion people suffer from hunger and some 2 to 3.5 billion people have a deficiency of vitamins and minerals
 * Yet, some 1.2 billion suffer from obesity
 * One billion people live on less than a dollar a day, the official measure of poverty
 * However, half the world — nearly three billion people — lives on less than two dollars a day.
 * Yet, just a few hundred millionaires now own as much wealth as the world’s poorest 2.5 billion people
 * **__P[|overty and the environment]__**

__Aids in Africa:__
AIDS in Africa is said to be killing more people than conflicts. It causes social disruption as children become orphaned. It affects already-struggling economies as workforces are reduced. As an enormous continent, various regions are seeing different results as they attempt to tackle the problem. Numerous local, regional and global initiatives are slowly helping, despite significant obstacles (such as poverty, local social and cultural norms/taboos, concerns from drug companies about providing affordable medicines, and limited health resources of many countries that are now also caught up in the global financial crisis). This update includes a couple of videos on different aspects off this issue as well as some further background information on how the issue is being addressed and what problems are being faced. [|Aids in Africa]

__Rights of the Child__
[]

=**Vivian Massou**=

World Hunger • ¨World hunger is a terrible symptom of world poverty. If efforts are only directed at providing food, or improving food production or distribution, then the structural root causes that create hunger, poverty and dependency would still remain.¨ Why they mean at this and how they could change the structural root that creates hunger? Does each nation has to create a different plan to adopt to their need or one worldwide plan is enough? Iraq War • ¨When asked on US television if she [Madeline Albright, US Secretary of State] thought that the death of half a million Iraqi children [from sanctions in Iraq, during the 1990s after the first Gulf War] was a price worth paying, Albright replied: “This is a very hard choice, but we think the price is worth it.” — John Pilger, Squeezed to Death, The Guardian, March 4, 2000 The death of thousands and even million of kid is far for a war without a purpose for some people? It is a broken of human right and how that any country or even the ONU does something respecting the death of innocent kids, whose life are the future of the world? Nature and Animal Conservation • ¨In 1999 scientists revealed what they believed was the origins of AIDS. The source comes from a type of chimpanzee that is immune to the virus. Unfortunately, the forests in which they live are being opened up by logging companies, resulting in a destruction of the chimpanzee’s habitat. Also hunting of these and other animals is on the increase in the forest. All these factors are preventing further studies of the possible cures for AIDS.¨ If we have the chance to find a possible cure for AIDS why is no stopping of destroying the chimpanzee that is immune to this disease? Why people are not conscience that maybe we can stop the disease that affects million of people around the world and if there is a way to stop it why is there no one stopping the destruction of the habitat for animal who deserve to live? Economic What will happen if the currency around the world is the same? Why the value of the money in countries is different why one wait more than the other? Could the solution to economic problem will be to have same currency and how will it solve it? http://www.globalissues.org/article/177/nature-and-animal-conservation#Decliningnumberofmonkeysapesandotherprimates http://www.globalissues.org